Repatriates in Kazakhstan: adaptation and socio-cultural issues

Abstract

The article examines the adaptation processes of qandas who repatriated to Kazakhstan after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The focus is on the cultural and linguistic adaptation of qandas from Iran and Uzbekistan. The research relies on the theory of cultural adaptation and employs interviews, surveys, and observations to analyze the influencing factors. The study explores challenges and barriers faced by qandas, such as language difficulties, differences in cultural norms, social isolation, and lack of institutional support. Through personal stories of repatriates, key adaptation strategies are identified: striving to preserve ethnocultural identity or, conversely, rapid assimilation by adopting local norms. Particular attention is given to the role of individual traits, educational level, and social environment in the success of the adaptation process. 

The analysis of repatriates' stories also reveals the impact of social stereotypes and shortcomings in state policies on the integration process. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach, including material, social, and cultural support, to facilitate the adaptation of qandas in Kazakhstan. 

The article is of interest to researchers in migration processes, ethnocultural identity, and social integration.