Problems and prospects of ecological diplomacy between China and Kazakhstan in the field of tourism

Abstract

This research paper is devoted to the analysis of the problems of sustainable water use and future prospects in the framework of environmental diplomacy between China and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan and China, as countries owning a system of transboundary rivers, are closely linked in the field of environmental and water resources. The Irtysh, Ili and other rivers are important sources of water crossing the borders of the two states. The water resources of these rivers are widely used in agriculture, energy, industry and domestic purposes and are of particular importance from the point of view of maintaining ecosystem stability.

However, a number of difficulties arise in the joint and equitable use of water resources. The need for irrigated land and developing industrial complexes in the western regions of China affects Kazakhstan, located in the lower reaches of the river. A decrease in the volume and quality of water threatens Kazakhstan's ecosystem, biodiversity, and socio-economic situation. This situation requires the development of new forms of environmental diplomacy and negotiation mechanisms.

The study analyzed bilateral and multilateral agreements between China and Kazakhstan, water resources management strategies, international law, and Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of the two countries' environmental diplomacy were analyzed, and future prospects were presented, such as strengthening institutional partnerships, sharing technologies, creating common monitoring systems, and involving civil society. This study serves as a scientific justification aimed at enhancing the role of environmental diplomacy for the equitable and sustainable use of transboundary waters.