Research and conceptual category function

Abstract

Оne of the topical problems is the study of language in a functional aspect. The conceptual category which is the basis of functional-semantic research now attracts the attention of all who are interested in human thinking. For lately linguistics is one of the basic sciences of thinking and concepts. The purpose of the article is to define and study conceptual categories, as well as their role and functions in linguistics. Objectives: to expose the conceptual category as a basis for functional-semantic research. The term “conceptual category” was first introduced into linguistics by O. Espersen, then I.I. Meshchaninov developed a system of “conceptual categories”. Also, such scientists as S.D. Katznelson, V.N. Yartseva, M.M. Gukhman, A.V. Bondarko dealt with this problem and carried out research work. Conceptual category is the reflection of being in human consciousness. Since the concept and views of people to life are similar, the conceptual category is one and the same. However, it does not depend on language, on the contrary language is based on conceptual categories. If in the semasiological aspect the grammatical category is referred to as the category of a person, the category of belonging, the category of case and the category of comparative degree, then in the onomasiological aspect the above categories are called temporal, personal, obsessive, comporative, etc. It can be noted that in the latter case the researcher pays attention to semantics and the content side of linguistic units.