Reflection in the modern Kazakh language of linguistic elements designated as Kypchak in the monument «Divani lugat it-turk»

Abstract

The work of Mahmut Kashgari «Divani lugat it-turk», which is the first historical and comparative dictionary of the Turkic languages, based on its rich linguistic dictionary is the most important source for the study of ancient Turkic written monuments and modern Turkic languages. In this book, Mahmud Kashgari, in addition to conveying the main grammatical features of the literary writing language of that period, provided extensive data on the linguistic differences between the Turkic languages and peoples such as Oguz, Kypchak, Uygur, Suvar, Argu, etc. The genius of the Karakhan era, referring to the differences between these languages, gave many examples, especially from the Kypchak language. Thus, M.Kashgari provides the largest amount of linguistic data about the Oghuz and Kypchaks after the literary language. In most cases, these two languages and peoples are used together.

It is noteworthy that Mahmud Kashgari's data on language groups still largely coincide with these languages ten centuries later. Nevertheless, the words in the work "Divani lugat it-turk" that are mentioned as characteristic of the Oghuz language may not occur in modern Oghuz languages, as well as words that have been abolished as Kypchak, may not be preserved in modern Kypchak languages. The article examines some linguistic elements designated in the monument as Kypchak words. The state of these Kypchak elements in the modern Kazakh language will be analyzed. It will be proved that the words and forms designated as the Kypchak linguistic element in the written monument have been preserved in the Kazakh literary language and dialects, in phraseological units and proverbs, as well as in paired words.