Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series.

The relationship between spiritual and political worldview in political education

2025-12-28T18:43:30+00:00

The proposed problem is being studied for the first time in domestic political science. The article comprehensively analyzes the relationship between spiritual and political worldviews in political education. In the context of modern globalization, the intersection of spiritual and political views directly affects the internal system of human beliefs, their political activity, and civic responsibility. The authors substantiate the need to develop the interaction of spiritual values and political ideas in an integrative key in the process of political education. The article discusses the essence of spirituality, the structure of the political worldview, the role of the institution of the family, and the importance of educational policy in shaping the worldview of students. The harmony of political and spiritual worldviews is achieved through the introduction of ideological components into curricula, advanced training of teachers, and the organization of critical dialogue. The results of the study provide specific recommendations for improving the content of education in higher education institutions, increasing the socio-political activity of future specialists, and the formation of democratic values. The article not only demonstrates the theoretical foundations of the interaction of spiritual and political worldviews but also contributes to the modernization of the practice of political education.

Archetypes in the Political Perception of Female Members of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2025-09-22T11:20:17+00:00

This study analyzes archetypal images in the political positioning of female deputies of the VIII Convocation of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the lens of C.G.Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious. The comprehensive research included content analysis of public speeches, biographical analysis, and media analysis of 18 female deputies during the period 2023–2025. Evaluation was carried out based on five key Jungian archetypes: “Mother,” “Heroine,” “Wise Woman,” “Persona,” and “Animus,” using a fifteen-point scale. Statistical analysis revealed the dominance of the “Wise Woman” archetype, indicating the prioritization of strategic thinking and expertise in the self-presentation of Kazakhstani parliamentarians. The “Persona” and “Animus” archetypes also scored high, reflecting advanced public image management skills and authoritarian leadership styles. The least expressed archetypes were “Heroine” and “Mother,” demonstrating a shift away from traditional maternal roles. Kazakhstani female deputies are shaping hybrid archetypal profiles that combine wisdom, strategic thinking, and authoritarianism with conscious public image management.

The dominance of the “Wise Woman” archetype reflects the cultural and historical characteristics of Kazakh society and modern requirements for political leadership. The results can be applied to the development of political communication strategies and understanding electoral preferences.

The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Forming Interregional Dialogue between Central Asia and Southeast Asia

2025-10-27T08:39:13+00:00

This article comprehensively explores the importance of cultural diplomacy in shaping and strengthening interregional dialogue between the countries of Central Asia and Southeast Asia. In the context of globalization, cultural relations are becoming increasingly significant not only at the national level, but also at regional and interregional levels. Cultural diplomacy represents a form of “soft power” that fosters trust and mutual understanding through the promotion of national cultural values, languages, traditions, and historical heritage. The article outlines the main areas of cultural cooperation between CA and SEA countries, including the organization of cultural events and festivals, partnerships in education and science, youth and student exchanges, as well as joint initiatives in tourism and creative industries. The objectives of this cooperation are to deepen people-to-people connections, strengthen trust between the regions, and promote long-term strategic partnership. Examples of both official and informal cultural exchange programs between ASEAN and Central Asian countries, joint forums, and projects carried out through international organizations (UNESCO, ISESCO) are presented to illustrate the structural foundations of cultural diplomacy. The article also highlights the opportunities of the digital era – such as virtual exhibitions, online cultural festivals, joint film productions, and the use of social media – as new forms of cultural engagement. Furthermore, the paper analyzes challenges and constraints in implementing cultural diplomacy, including linguistic and cultural differences, lack of institutional support, and limited financial resources, and suggests possible solutions for overcoming them.

Globalization and Youth: Transnational Migration as a Factor of Political Changes

2025-10-27T03:24:59+00:00

The article defines the role of migration in the development of civil society, in the formation of transnational networks, in changing the priorities of public policy that include the issues of publicity and implementation to global challenges. The aim of the article is defining the causes, changes and factors that influence on youth migration and assessment of its impacts on the enhancement of civil society, democratization and transformation of public policy. The article examines the impact of globalization and the transnational migration of youth on political changes in Kazakhstan. The study examines the links between globalization processes, migration flows of youth and the transformation of political systems in our country and host countries. Particular attention is paid to the development of proposals for optimizing migration and youth policies in Kazakhstan in the context of globalization. Particular attention is also paid to the analysis of the characteristics of youth migration in Kazakhstan, including the causes of migration processes, their socio-economic and political consequences.

The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of theoretical concepts, statistical data and Kazakhstani experience, taking into account the characteristics of the political and socio-economic system of the country. The findings determine the need to develop effective strategies for migration and youth policy aimed at using the potential of young people for the sustainable development of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization. The main factors stimulating transnational migration of Kazakhstani youth were identified as opportunities to obtain education abroad and improve economic conditions, the desire for a higher standard of living and limited career prospects within the country. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposals and conclusions collected in the article for the purpose of developing and improving the state youth and migration policy of Kazakhstan.

The Potential of the Institution of Mediation in the Implementation of Preventive Policy for the Settlement of Interethnic Conflicts

2025-10-27T07:18:29+00:00

Kazakhstan's ability to ensure effective implementation of preventive policy in the sphere of interethnic relations is a significant factor in the stability of statehood. The article states, including with the support of an expert survey, the lack of qualified mediators. It is proved that it is relevant to strengthen the work on training qualified mediators within the framework of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan (APK). Among the main areas of activity of mediators that require improvement: strengthening international cooperation in the aspect of training mediators; development of relevant international programs and advanced training courses for mediators within the framework of the higher professional education system, etc. Additionally, it should be noted that the institutionalization of mediation activities in the field of interethnic relations contributes to reducing conflict potential and fostering a culture of dialogue in society. Empirical studies demonstrate that professional mediation is an effective tool for the early identification and prevention of latent interethnic tensions. In this context, the introduction of unified standards for mediator training based on international best practices and adapted to Kazakhstan’s socio-cultural realities appears to be particularly important. Strengthening the scientific and methodological support of mediators’ activities will enhance the effectiveness of the state’s preventive policy and promote social cohesion.

State Policy in the Sphere of Family in Kazakhstan: Socio-Political Aspect

2025-12-25T14:44:58+00:00

In recent years, the topic of state family policy has attracted increasing attention from researchers worldwide, especially in the context of globalization. Although this field remains relatively underexplored in Kazakhstan, there is a growing demand within the academic community to address family-related issues. Today, family and demographic challenges represent crucial areas for social and public policy, requiring careful scholarly focus. Special attention should also be paid to the stability of the modern family, including divorce dynamics, social and regional typologies, and underlying causes.

This article analyzes the socio-political aspects of the family institution in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study is based on official statistical data, government programs, and sociological research findings. It explores the transformation dynamics of family structures, identifies factors contributing to the decline in marriage rates, evaluates state support mechanisms, and examines the influence of gender roles and societal values. Additionally, the paper reviews key legislative acts aimed at protecting family rights, preventing domestic violence, improving the social status of family members, and strengthening the family institution. The analysis also considers the impact of globalization and urbanization on contemporary family configurations in Kazakhstan.

The proposed recommendations offer a foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of state family policy, improving family welfare, safeguarding women's and children's rights, and fostering a more stable and harmonious family environment across the country.

The Role of Diasporas in Global Politics: The Experience of Israel, China, India, and Kazakhstan

2025-12-25T09:15:34+00:00

Diasporas play a significant role in contemporary global politics as transnational actors. They maintain connections with both their homeland and host countries, exerting political and economic influence. The establishment of the State of Israel and its relationship with the Jewish diaspora serve as a clear example of this process. The 1950 Law of Return legalized the right of Jews to repatriate to Israel, solidifying the ideology of Zionism. The repatriation policy crisis of the 1990s necessitated a reconsideration of interaction forms with the diaspora. Israel leverages the political and economic potential of the Jewish diaspora through the influential AIPAC lobby in the United States, which plays a crucial role in foreign policy by protecting Israel’s interests and shaping a positive image of the country in Washington and the media.

The concepts and terminology of the Chinese diaspora are examined, highlighting its complexity. The history of Chinese migration to Australia is analyzed, including the political and economic factors of the 1970s–1990s. Special attention is given to the socio-economic integration of the Chinese diaspora in Australia, their activity in entrepreneurship and education, as well as their economic ties with the homeland.

The global dispersion of the Indian diaspora and the Indian government’s policy on regulating its status are discussed. The number of Indians abroad is approximately 27 million, with major communities residing in the USA, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Since 2000, the government has implemented programs to work with the diaspora through specialized committees and ministries aimed at attracting investment and addressing social issues. The phenomenon of “dual loyalty” of the Indian diaspora in the USA is also analyzed.

Kazakhstan’s policy to support the Kazakh diaspora abroad is implemented through the activities of the “Otandastar” Foundation and the national company “KAZAKH INVEST.” The “Қазақ үйі” (Kazakh House) project creates a network of cultural centers worldwide that promote the Kazakh language and culture. International events and the “Ұлы дала” (Great Steppe) literary contest strengthen the spiritual ties of the diaspora and aim to preserve cultural heritage. All these initiatives contribute to strengthening the national identity of the Kazakh diaspora and developing economic cooperation.

International models for the protection of cultural heritage and their adaptation in Kazakhstan: a comparative and institutional analysis

2025-12-25T18:15:15+00:00

The article provides a comprehensive study of international models for the protection of historical and cultural heritage and their adaptation in Kazakhstan in the context of modern cultural policy and sustainable development strategies.

The aim of the research is to identify institutional mechanisms, legal foundations, and organizational models that ensure effective interaction between the state, society, and international organizations in the field of cultural heritage preservation. The methodological framework combines comparative, institutional, and structural-functional analysis with content analysis of international conventions and legal frameworks.

The paper examines key features of the European and Asian systems of heritage protection, analyzing the models of France, Italy, Poland, the United States, Greece, and Japan, where tools of decentralization, public-private partnerships, and civic engagement are successfully implemented. These practices demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid governance models that integrate legal, economic, and social mechanisms for heritage preservation.

For Kazakhstan, the study emphasizes the need to modernize the institutional system and harmonize national legislation with UNESCO and UNIDROIT standards. It proposes a hybrid model combining state regulation, expert participation, philanthropic foundations, and creative industries as sustainable management tools.

The results of the research are of practical significance for the development of a state program on cultural heritage preservation, improvement of the legal framework, and strengthening of Kazakhstan’s cultural diplomacy. The findings contribute to shaping a new paradigm of international cooperation and positioning Kazakhstan as an active participant in global initiatives aimed at preserving cultural diversity and the collective memory of humanity.

Gender education as a tool for fostering a culture of equality and respect in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2025-10-27T08:51:36+00:00

This study examines gender education as a key mechanism for transforming social relations and forming a culture of equality in contemporary Kazakhstani society. In the context of global changes and the Republic of Kazakhstan's aspiration to achieve sustainable development goals, issues of gender equality in the educational sphere acquire particular relevance. The research reveals multifaceted aspects of gender education in Kazakhstan, analyzing both achieved successes and existing challenges on the path to building a just and inclusive society. Despite impressive indicators of gender parity in education, confirmed by an equality index of 1.0 according to World Economic Forum data , behind these figures lies a complex picture of social processes requiring deep analysis and a systematic approach.

The author thoroughly investigates the country's regulatory and legal framework, contemporary initiatives and projects in the field of gender education, identifying existing problems and barriers. Special attention is paid to regional differences and the influence of traditional patriarchal attitudes, particularly in rural areas.

The study proposes a comprehensive system for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of gender educational policy, including both quantitative and qualitative indicators to ensure sustainable development of a culture of equality in Kazakhstani society.

Mechanisms of Electing Akims as a Tool for Increasing the Democracy of Local Self-Government in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2025-12-28T19:35:35+00:00

The article examines the process of electing akims as a factor in the democratization of society. The purpose of the article is to update the processes of decentralization as a priority area of state policy to strengthen the management system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the experience of the transition from indirect to direct elections of district akims in a city, a city of regional significance, a village, a village, a rural district. The prospects for the implementation of amendments to the electoral legislation of Kazakhstan regarding the upcoming direct elections of akims of districts of the city of regional significance have been determined. The research methodology is based on an analytical cluster and consists of a systematic, comparative, predictive, and content analysis of the mechanisms of akim election. The results of the study allow us to assess the compliance of the model of appointment and election of akims with the principles of integrity of democratic initiatives. The commitment of the country's leadership to the principle of a "listening state" in reforming the local government system is pointed out. The importance of choosing a planned liberal format for increasing the democracy of local government, which meets the requirements of modern socio-cultural realities and cultural and historical traditions of the people of Kazakhstan, is being actualized. The conceptual components of the process of electing mayors provide for: exact compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the laws governing the election of mayors; updating the initiatives of the country's leadership to improve the process of forming local government bodies; responding to requests from the local community regarding the regulation of the electoral process. The mechanisms of organizing elections to local government bodies and their comparison with similar models in neighboring and far-abroad countries are determined. It is noted that the norms of the electoral legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan must comply with the recommendations of the United Nations and the OSCE in the area of decentralization of power. In general, the holding of the 2021 elections and the constitutional amendments in 2022 marked the beginning of an improvement in the process of electing mayors and formed the basis for a full transition to direct elections of local governments. The prospects of the study focus on the issue of differentiation of electoral legislation in relation to akims of different levels and on the unification of the electability of all akims, including regions, cities of republican significance and the capital.

Ethnic enclaves on the territory of Central Asian states: sustainability factors and their conflictogenic potential

2025-12-28T19:17:34+00:00

The article presents the results of the study of ethnic enclaves on the territory of the countries of the Central Asian region. The aim of the study was to identify the factors of stability of ethnic enclaves and their potential for conflict. The main method was the historical method; the study broadly reveals the background of ethnic enclaves.

The main factor of sustainability of ethnic enclaves was determined to be the fact that enclaves are rural settlements where the population is mainly engaged in agriculture. On the basis of the conflictogenicity scale developed by the author of the study, the situation in ethnic enclaves were observed. The study revealed that the media play a major role in the development of the situation in ethnic enclaves. Thus, ethnic enclaves in Central Asia constitute a complex socio-territorial phenomenon shaped by historical, political, and economic factors. Their stability is largely ensured by the rural pattern of settlement, a high level of social cohesion, and the population’s orientation toward traditional forms of economic activity. At the same time, resource scarcity, the incompleteness of border delimitation processes, and the politicization of ethnicity increase the conflict potential of certain enclaves. Mass media and modern communication channels play a significant role in either escalating or containing tensions. Overall, effective regulation of the situation surrounding ethnic enclaves requires a comprehensive interstate approach that takes into account both the historical specificity of the region and contemporary socio-political realities.

The regional dimension of trade-economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and Russia

2025-12-29T01:52:48+00:00

This study examines the intricate dynamics of trade and economic collaboration between Uzbekistan and Russia within a regional framework. It offers a historical analysis of their relationship from the Soviet era to the contemporary period, and scrutinizes bilateral agreements, trade patterns, and investment trends. Furthermore, it addresses impediments such as geopolitical tensions and regulatory obstacles, while emphasizing opportunities arising from regional integration initiatives like the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). By capitalizing on their geographic proximity and complementary strengths, Uzbekistan and Russia have the potential to leverage regional cooperation to advance innovation, connectivity, and inclusive growth. This research expands upon existing scholarly works by providing a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities inherent in the economic partnership between Uzbekistan and Russia, offering insights into the influence of regional dynamics, particularly the role of organizations such as the Eurasian Economic Union, in steering the direction of trade and economic cooperation between these nations. Moreover, it considers the impact of historical legacies and contemporary geopolitical strategies on bilateral relations, and how these factors shape political decisions. The study also examines the potential for economic diversification, technological transfers, energy cooperation, and cultural exchange, emphasizing the prospects for joint initiatives and sustainable development. An interdisciplinary methodology is applied, combining both qualitative and quantitative instruments: the analysis of policy documents, economic indicators, expert assessments, and concrete cases of sectoral partnership. Taking into account the strategic geographical position of both states and their complementary economic interests, the research highlights the opportunities for strengthening regional connectivity, fostering innovation, and broadening mutually beneficial cooperation. This analysis aims to inform policymakers, academics, and business leaders about the potential pathways for sustainable and mutually beneficial economic development in the region.

Global South: political phantom or new reality

2025-08-19T03:09:17+00:00

Today, and in the near future, the problem of world order re-transformation from unipolar to multipolar will be one of the most relevant topics in scientific and analytical publications. In the scientific and expert communities, there is a genuine interest in the processes and projects associated with geopolitical changes in the balance of power and control over world resources. Today, the concept of the "global south" has firmly entered scientific terminology. It reflects the significant changes taking place in world politics, whose influence and impact on political reality today cannot be ignored in the implementation of foreign policy on the world stage. A new geopolitical process is a unique phenomenon in terms of its metaphysics. Both the participants themselves and the observers still do not have a clearly formulated idea of what should happen and what will happen in the end. Objectively, the increasing degree of influence of this geopolitical process on world affairs, coupled with its lack of research and novelty, forms the need to begin a comprehensive study. Without a doubt, its understanding and comprehension will contribute to increased control and, consequently, a higher degree of transparency for all participants in the world political process.

Here are three academically styled sentences in English that can be added to the text: From a theoretical perspective, the emergence of multipolarity challenges classical paradigms of international relations, particularly realist and liberal approaches that were formed under conditions of bipolarity and unipolar dominance. The growing role of the Global South not only restructures economic and political hierarchies but also introduces alternative models of development, governance, and regional integration. Therefore, systematic and interdisciplinary research of these transformations is essential for forecasting global stability and for developing adaptive foreign policy strategies in an increasingly complex international system.

Barlyk Arasan at the Crossroads of the Turkic-Mongolian World

2025-10-27T08:43:09+00:00

Barlyk-Arasan is a locality situated in the territory of the Urzhar District of the Abai Region, at the foot of the Arasantau Mountains, 18 kilometers northeast of the shores of Lake Alakol. The region is renowned for its thermomineral springs, which possess highly therapeutic properties. The area's geological history, natural relief, climatic features, fauna, and flora have, to a significant extent, already been the subject of scientific research. Since the 1880s, following its inclusion under the jurisdiction of the Semirechye branch of the Red Cross Society, Barlyk-Arasan began to be mentioned in various sources as a balneological resort. In the traditional worldview of the local population, this region is regarded as a sacred space endowed with healing powers, capable of treating a wide range of ailments – from neurological and joint conditions to dermatological and gastrointestinal disorders. This article, employing cultural-linguistic and historical-comparative methods, explores the etymology of the toponym "Barlyk-Arasan" as well as the narrative structures of local oral legends associated with the area and historical figures embodying its collective memory (such as Genghis Khan, Galdan Tseren, Abylai Khan, and Kabanbai Batyr). The analysis reveals that the compound toponym “Barlyk-Arasan” translates as “a clayey, muddy place with healing mud and water,” and corresponds to ancient Turkic notions of the cult of mountains and the sacredness of water. Alternative etymological interpretations of the name are also taken into consideration. The research findings can contribute to the promotion of the spiritual heritage of Barlyk-Arasan and support the development of the cultural dimension of recreational tourism in the region.

Ethnographic Lexicon of Material Culture in the Sakha Language

2025-12-26T06:32:03+00:00

This article is dedicated to the study of the ethnographic lexicon in the Sakha (Yakut) language that reflects the material culture of the Sakha people. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that, despite the existence of general works on ethnography and lexicology, this lexical layer remains insufficiently explored from a systematic and comparative-historical perspective. The aim of the study is to identify the semantic structure, cultural-historical roots, and functional characteristics of ethnographic terms that name artifacts of traditional Sakha life, as well as to establish their connections with the lexical systems of other Turkic languages, especially Kazakh, and neighboring languages.

To achieve this aim, the following objectives were set: the collection and classification of ethnographic lexicon across main thematic groups of material culture (traditional housing, clothing, household items, utensils); semantic analysis of lexical units, including definitions, etymology, original elements, and possible borrowings. Particular attention was given to comparative analysis between Sakha ethnographic terms and their equivalents in Kazakh and other languages, which allowed for tracing cultural and linguistic interaction as well as identifying both common and unique features.

The source base for the study included Yakut–Russian, Russian–Yakut, and explanatory dictionaries of the Sakha language (particularly those edited by P.A. Sleptsov and E.K. Pekarsky), as well as classical ethnographic works in Yakut studies (V.L. Seroshevsky, S.I. Bolo, among others). The research employed descriptive, semantic, and comparative methods.

The results of the study revealed the richness and diversity of ethnographic terminology in the Sakha language related to material culture. Specific lexemes denoting types of dwellings (ыал, кыстык, сайылык, ураһа, балаҕан), clothing (таҥас-сап, таҥас, сон), and household items and utensils (хобордоох, чааскы, айах, быһах, etc.) were analyzed. Semantic parallels and etymological connections between Sakha ethnographic terms and lexicon in Kazakh and other Turkic languages were identified (e.g., Sakha сон and Turkic тон meaning 'fur coat'). The findings contribute to the study of the Sakha linguistic worldview, deepen the understanding of their cultural heritage, and serve as a basis for further research in ethnolinguistics, Turkology, and comparative linguistics.

Kazakh National Clothing – an Important and Inseparable Attribute of Kazakh Culture

2025-12-26T04:49:13+00:00

National clothing is an important cultural asset, as it reflects the history, lifestyle, and worldview of a particular people. In this context, traditional Kazakh clothing is an integral symbol of the culture and spiritual identity of our people. In this scientific article, Kazakh national clothing is examined and analysed from an ethnocultural perspective. The primary sources used are the works of Turkologist A.I. Levshin, Lieutenant D. Gladyshev, and surveyor I. Muravin, a Russian researcher who described the history of the Kazakhs, their spiritual life and material culture, including the characteristics of national clothing, in the 18th century, as well as materials by Polish artist B. Zaleski. In addition, the study draws on the works of domestic ethnographers and scholars such as A.Kh. Margulan, I.V. Zakharova, R.D. Khojayeva, R.Sh. Kukashev, N.A. Alimbay, B.S. Kakabayev, writer S.M. Mukanov, and other researchers who studied types of Kazakh national clothing. As evidence that some elements of national costume have been used in traditional Kazakh culture since ancient times, the article cites examples from the poetic heritage of the 19th c. Kazakh poet Makhambet Otemisuly. The article discusses in detail how the ancient Kazakhs made various types of clothing from yarn obtained from the wool of domestic animals: shawls, scarves, sleeveless jackets, shapans, kepeshi (quilted robes), mittens, socks, etc. And from the tanned hides of livestock, they sewed outerwear and footwear, such as tunics, caftans, camsoles, and other items. It is also emphasised that the wealthy and noble classes of Kazakh society used the skins of wild animals and birds – swans, loons, wolves, foxes, beavers, otters, martens, sables, and minks – to make particularly valuable headwear and outerwear. Clothes were also decorated and lined with expensive fabrics such as manat, velvet, cloth, mauyt (woollen fabric), satin, crepe, brocade, etc. Fabrics such as torgyn, dyuria, shagi, leylek, batiste, patsaiy, susima, satin, shayi, supy, etc. were used for sewing dresses and other items of clothing. Traditional types of Kazakh clothing are classified in the article into four main groups: headwear, outerwear, underwear, and footwear, with detailed descriptions of the characteristics of each group. Photographic documents are provided as illustrative material, including images of representatives of the 4th delegation of Kazakhs from the Orenburg region in ceremonial national costumes, taken during their audience with the Emperor of the Russian Empire in St. Petersburg in 1860. Photographs and descriptions of a number of costumes from the collections of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan are also presented. In addition, the article explains some of the concepts and terms related to the names of traditional Kazakh clothing items.

From the History of the Study of the Structure of the Turkic Uzbek Language

2025-12-28T17:58:24+00:00

The study of the history of Uzbek linguistics has been developing actively in recent years. Dissertations, textbooks, and scholarly articles have been published on this topic, including works such as S. Ashirbaev’s From the History of the Study of the Grammatical Structure of the Uzbek Language (1974), A. Nurmanov’s History of Uzbek Linguistics (2002), and S. Normamatov’s History of Uzbek Linguistics (2022). Such studies continue to be conducted today. This paper analyzes works belonging to the category of practical grammar, which began to emerge at the beginning of the 20th century. The section devoted to verbs is also examined. The analyzed work belongs to an author whose approach was influenced by Arabic grammatical tradition and whose worldview was based on medieval scholarship. The study is significant in that it provides additional data for the history of Uzbek linguistics and, partially, for Turkic linguistics. In the course of the study, the theoretical and methodological foundations and methods of linguistic analysis employed in the examined work were analyzed, and their continuity with the linguistic views of the corresponding period was identified. The description of the verb category within the framework of practical grammar is regarded as a clear manifestation of the author’s traditional grammatical principles and the influence of Arabic linguistic scholarship. The terminological system and analytical models used in this work reflect the level of scholarly thought during the formative stage of Uzbek linguistics. The research findings make it possible to identify the main trends in the development of Uzbek linguistics at the beginning of the twentieth century and contribute to a historical understanding of the grammatical system of Turkic languages.

Phrases found from Khotan texts

2025-12-26T06:55:22+00:00

The purpose of the article is to reveal linguistic facts of the extinct language. In this regard, the task is to reveal the linguistic properties of the word combinations of the Khotun language. These phrases were selected from a book called "Khudaya", which the Khotuns themselves considered to be collections of prayers, texts pronounced with Muslim motives in various ceremonies, including "Gaarva-gorvo", pronounced during the sacrifice, as words of blessing to a young family during a wedding ceremony, phrases inherent in the Khotun language. Free phrases are classified as nominal phrases and verbal phrases. The components of the phrase are differentiated by parts of speech. The phrases themselves are divided by types of connection into adjoining, control connections and izafetnye combinations. And stable phrases of the Khoton language by comparison with phraseological combinations in the Kazakh language are defined as common phraseological units for both languages, semantic characteristics of phraseological units are given. An attempt was made to compare with phraseological units of the Turkic languages. It is proven that the components of the phrase in the Khoton language in structure and semantics correspond to the patterns of agglunitative languages, as in other Turkic languages.

Mythmaking in contemporary Kazakh literature as a reflection of the Turkic cultural code

2025-12-25T10:36:08+00:00

In contemporary literature, myth and mythologism remain essential tools for artistic representation of reality and the transmission of complex philosophical ideas. Modern authors actively engage with mythological plots and images, reinterpreting them within the framework of pressing social and cultural issues.

In Kazakh literature, mythological motifs and folklore traditions play a crucial role in shaping national identity and preserving historical memory. The works of Kazakh writers frequently integrate mythological structures, reflecting the cultural heritage, traditions, and historical continuity of the nation. Scholars emphasize that mythological elements in Kazakh literature serve as key instruments for understanding historical processes, cultural evolution, and contemporary societal transformations.

In the context of globalization and the transformation of traditional cultural forms, myth-making has evolved into a widespread cultural phenomenon, permeating various aspects of human life. Closely linked to mythology, contemporary literature incorporates mythopoetic structures as a fundamental component of artistic narration. This process is realized through innovative interpretations of mythological imagery, plots, and metaphors. Consequently, authors explore profound existential themes such as life and death, good and evil, offering multidimensional insights into human existence.

In conclusion, myth and mythologism in contemporary literature fulfill not only aesthetic but also social, philosophical, and cognitive functions. They synthesize diverse cultural codes and archetypal structures, providing readers with multilayered and polyphonic narratives.

Linguistic and cultural features of species names and color symbols in turkish and kazakh proverbs and sayings

2025-12-24T01:18:15+00:00

The article examines in detail the linguocultural and ethnolinguistic features of color names in Kazakh and Turkish proverbs and sayings. The new ideas and opinions of famous Turkish scientists Ibrahim Shinasi, Omer Asym Aksoy, Omer Faruk akun and prominent Kazakh scientists Muzafar Alimbayev, Abduali Kaidar, Alkei Margulan will be analyzed. The differences and features of Proverbs and sayings are analyzed, and the cultural meaning of species and colors is revealed. The role and significance of colors in society in Kazakh and Turkish culture, folk Worldview are studied. The main purpose of the article is to study how color and shade are important in the culture of the Kazakh and Turkish peoples, analyzing the features of the transmission of color names in Turkish and Kazakh Proverbs. Based on Proverbs and sayings in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, lexemes containing color names are analyzed and their place in culture is assessed. Considering these lexemes from the point of view of the value of emotions, an attempt was made to determine the manifestation of colors in the world of thought of the Kazakh and Turkish peoples. In addition, the relationship and semantic field of color names are studied. Thus, the views of the Kazakh and Turkish peoples regarding the concept of color are analyzed in comparison. The main theoretical methods of comparison, differentiation, accumulation, systematization.

Traditionalism and Its Role in the Traditions of Modern Japanese People

2025-10-27T03:33:36+00:00

This article examines the traditions of Japan, which are based on such a socio-philosophical trend as traditionalism, which is undoubtedly inherent in modern Japanese society and plays a major role in its everyday life. It can be noted that no matter what processes occur in the modern world, Japanese society does not lose the norms of behavior, etiquette, manners of speech established over centuries, formed through the prism of history. The article is a study of the influence of traditions in modern Japanese society, which are reflected in everyday life, in particular in family and household and collective relations, in behavior in society, in culture and art, in the political and economic course of the state. The purpose of this study is to conduct a deep analysis of the influence of traditionalism on the formation of national traditions of Japan, which affect various aspects of public life, such as cultural, religious, territorial-areal, social, and family. The article demonstrates examples of the reproduction and adaptation of ancient traditions in modern Japanese society. individual aspects of the Japanese way of defining cultural values that formed the foundation of tradition. This study examines how Japanese people perceive their cultural heritage, traditional norms of behavior, and specific features of national thinking. It shows how each individual in Japan feels connected to a certain social group, which can be related to family, educational process, or professional activity. The results presented in this article highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction and influence between traditionalism and Japanese traditions formed in various aspects and cultural conditions.

The Use of Mamluk Kipchak Vocabulary in Modern Kazakh Language (Based on the Work «Kitab-i Majmu-i Turjuman-i Turki wa Ajami wa Mughali»)

2025-12-28T16:05:54+00:00

Currently, research on the Kipchak language has begun to be carried out in the field of Turkology. One of the reasons is that written monuments related to the Kipchak language are not found and studied. Monuments of Kipchak writing spread in different geographical territories with inscriptions from different countries. Kipchak served as an international language in the Middle Ages. A group of Kipchak written monuments refers to the Mamluk Kipchaks. They were written mainly in Arabic letters and were intended mainly for the local peoples of the lands of Egypt and Syria. Among the monuments of such writing were dictionaries, grammatical reference books, teaching aids. The reason for their writing was to teach the Kipchak language to the local population. The possession of political power by the Mamluk Kipchaks in the state created a need for the Kipchak language. In need, related works were written. A group of them disappeared, some of them were saved and reached us. Currently, one of the groups of Turkic languages is the Kipchak languages. The division of the Kipchak peoples into nationalities also led to the emergence of several national languages. The indigenous vocabulary of the modern Kazakh language consists of several layers. The vocabulary of the Kipchak language is a layer that forms the basis of the modern Kazakh language. Its study describes the historical development of the modern Kazakh language. In addition, the language of the monuments related to the Kipchak language of the Middle Ages has not been fully studied. Their introduction into academic circulation has been delayed. Today, these historical texts attract attention due to their value and the mysteries they still hold. Historical monuments of the Mamluks Kipchak script are considered to be of great research importance from the point of view of the modern Kazakh language.

Changes of Nuclear Energy Policy During Moon Jae-In’s Administration and its Impact on the Energy Industry Ecosystem of South Korea

2025-12-30T08:47:38+00:00

The study examines the rapid changes in nuclear energy policy under South Korea's Moon Jae-in administration and its impact on the Energy Industry Ecosystem by analyzing news from Korean official news sites, as well as comparing the efficiency of nuclear and renewable energy on economic growth and carbon emissions. The implementation of a new policy that prioritized renewable energy instead of nuclear energy, which accounts for 40% of Korea's electricity production, divided Korean society into pro- and anti-nuclear power plants.

This study focuses on the consequences of the implementation of Moon Jae-in's nuclear energy policy in the period from 2017 till 2022 and suggests possible solutions to minimize negative consequences of this policy.

In conclusion, the Moon administration's policy of halting and closing nuclear power plant construction resulted in the ecosystem of the nuclear energy industry being damaged due to the drain of specialized brains. Additionally, the promotion of renewable energy such as solar panels not only did not suit Korea's environment and climate but caused environmental pollution.

Considering the negative impact of expanding the use of renewable energy, the study suggests the previous investments in the nuclear energy industry should be rolled back and the proportion of green energy and nuclear energy should be reasonably adjusted to suit Korea's special environment.

Historical and Cultural Connections between the Tatars and the Jurchen in the Eurasian Space

2025-12-30T10:50:14+00:00

The article presents an ethno-historical study based on food culture, emphasizing its role as a significant element in preserving ethnic identity and transmitting cultural memory from generation to generation. The use of similar culinary technologies may be directly linked to ancient migration processes, trade routes, and phenomena of cultural diffusion. From this perspective, a comparative analysis of national dishes serves as an additional source that complements written records and archaeological materials. Therefore, this study constitutes part of a comprehensive historical and cultural analysis aimed at revealing the multifaceted nature of interactions among the peoples of the Eurasian space.

The region inhabited by the Tatars, which spans from East Asia to Central Asia and the southern parts of the Russian Federation, encompasses thousands of kilometers. However, the Manchu "Sachima" pastry resembles the Tatar "Chakchak" in both appearance and texture, despite the vast geographical distances between these cultures. This paper examines the historical and cultural connections between the Tatars and the Jurchen, utilizing these two similar pastries as a secondary research subject. Through the comparison of these foods, this study seeks to shed light on the social relations between the two peoples and explore the broader implications for understanding their historical connections. By analyzing the origins of these pastries, this research challenges conventional academic perspectives on the origins of the Tatars and the Jurchen.