Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series.

Cultural activities of the European Union: a programmatic approach

2024-09-17T17:35:28+00:00

The European Union was created primarily on an economic basis, not on the principles of cultural cooperation. Cultural policy has been developed in the EU gradually, for quite a long time. As the emphasis in the activities of the European Union shifted from purely economic interests to political and socio-cultural spheres, the need for the formation of a European identity began to increase. In this regard, there is a need for the formation of a single cultural space, and hence a cultural policy that contributes to the achievement of pan-European goals. Culture should have become one of the factors contributing to the unification of people not only at the political and economic level, but also at the level of consciousness: citizens of different EU member states should, in theory, perceive themselves as a whole, as representatives of one territory with common cultural values. The first Cultural Activity Plan was adopted by the European Commission in early 1977. By the mid-1980s, when satellite radio broadcasting became widespread, conditions were created for a «common market for television broadcasting», and after a series of political and public debates, the directive «Television without Borders» was adopted in 1989.

The European Commission was also engaged in the protection of cultural and historical heritage, the provision of creative scholarships, support for literary translation, and individual cultural events. All this was financed by the European Social Fund, the European Regional Development Fund, etc.

Main priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the formation of historical consciousness

2024-09-28T18:05:47+00:00

The article attempts to determine the main priorities of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the formation of historical consciousness. For this purpose, the analysis of the state programs implemented in this direction is carried out.

The need for further work on the formation of historical consciousness is due to the fact that it is an important component of public and source of national self-consciousness, which serves to meet socio-cultural and ideological and personal needs, as well as realising the importance of knowing the history of their country and preserving the historical past for future generations.

The process of formation of historical consciousness should become an integral part of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The most important direction is education, including the study of not only history, but also the state language, as they are interrelated. At the same time, the effectiveness of formation of historical consciousness depends on teaching methods, and also requires taking into account the specifics of educational institutions, regions, social and national groups. The author considers the existing problems and formulates proposals for their solution. In particular, it is proposed to introduce a pilot project on the use of virtual excursions in the teaching of history, which will help to achieve a conscious attitude to the importance of knowing the history of their country and preserving the historical past for future generations, as well as a number of measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching history and the Kazakh language.

Cooperation of the Central Asian countries in ensuring regional security

2024-01-30T05:45:02+00:00

Central Asia, a region marked by its historical significance and strategic importance, has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years regarding regional security cooperation. This comprehensive article explores the multifaceted landscape of security cooperation among the five Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It delves into the fundamental concepts of security systems, the role of regional organizations, and the challenges and future prospects of security in the region.

Understanding these challenges and exploring future prospects is essential for charting a path toward enhanced stability, cooperation, and prosperity in the region.

The article provides a holistic view of the region's security dynamics, beginning with a historical context highlighting Central Asia's role as a crossroads of cultures and interests. It underscores the significance of regional security cooperation in the face of shared challenges and geopolitical complexities.

In-depth analyses are conducted on various aspects, including security organizations, diplomatic efforts, regional security challenges, and future prospects. The article explores the complexities and challenges faced by Central Asian nations while navigating a dynamic geopolitical landscape. In conclusion, this article underscores the pivotal importance of cooperation among Central Asian countries and their engagement with regional organizations in maintaining stability and peace.

Impact of interethnic relations in the Southern region of Kazakhstan on social stability and national unity: based on the results of an expert survey

2024-09-10T08:06:45+00:00

The purpose of this work is to study expert assessments of interethnic relations in the Southern region of Kazakhstan. The study is based on an expert survey that was conducted among scientists, experts in the field of interethnic relations in a number of cities of Kazakhstan in August 2023, the number of participants was 50 people. In addition, as part of the work, a discourse analysis was carried out based on media publications and scientific articles devoted to the topic under consideration. The research questions included the study of the influence of the main factors that negatively affect the formation of interethnic relations in the Southern region of Kazakhstan, and the vision of experts regarding what should be done in terms of preventive policy in the field of interethnic policy in the region.

The originality or value of this study lies in the fact that it has, for the first time, proposed a hierarchy of factors that influence the extent of interethnic relations in the southern region of the country and the priority measures (recommendations) that must be taken to prevent the existing and potential threats of intensification of interethnic conflicts in the region. The study demonstrated that the factor that has the greatest negative impact on the formation of interethnic relations in the Southern region of Kazakhstan is the lack of land resources, their quality, price and availability. Therefore, the program related to the resettlement of the population from the southern regions of the country to the northern ones proves its relevance. Along with this, the socio-economic factor is also of great importance, which is also due to problems associated with employment of the population and high unemployment rate. At the same time, the main condition for solving these problems is to increase the efficiency of government, ensure its openness, equality of all before the law. The results of the expert survey obtained within the framework of the Project were presented at an extended meeting of the Scientific Expert Council of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan (November 15, 2023), which made it possible to use them preventively in research and practical activities.

Adaptation and integration jr rural youth result of social research on the example of Turkestan,Zhambyl,Kyzylorda regions

2024-10-09T14:17:50+00:00

Youth is the future of the country, the driving force of society, as well as the main factor of social resistance and change, rural youth is one of the most vulnerable social groups in the country, which is quickly exposed to political and social threats. They have their own uniqueness, demand and taste, need, as well as their own path of development. There are always opportunities for talented, active and competitive urban youth, but there are difficulties in choosing a path that will help rural youth realize their potential. Therefore, it is very important to conduct research on the topic of adaptation and integration of rural youth through the mechanisms of social elevators in the southern region of the country, especially in the Almaty, Turkestan, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl regions, where young people are most concentrated.

This study examines the reasons for the migration of rural youth living in the cities of Kyzylorda, Taraz, Turkestan, the difficulties of adaptation to urban life, state programs to support youth, the importance of education, politics, the army and religion in the adaptation and integration of rural youth. youth, the development of adaptation and integration of rural youth through the mechanisms of social elevator for research proposals. The article analyzes the results of a sociological study on the issues of adaptation and integration of rural youth based on a focus group discussion, taking into account the specifics of each region in the specified region.

Priority directions and prospects for the development of language policy in the EU countries

2024-04-09T03:11:47+00:00

Linguistic diversity is deeply rooted in Europe's cultural heritage, making the development of language policy a complex and multifaceted issue. However, it is crucial to balance practical considerations with broader issues related to cultural equality in the EU community.

Based on official EU policy evidence, some potential priority areas and realistic perspectives include supporting multilingualism by investing in education programmes and translation services, promoting greater recognition of regional or minority languages through structures such as the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, balancing practicality with political factors when developing policies that require sensitive approaches that recognise identity. values.

Language policy-making becomes a complex balancing act. On the one hand, there are practical considerations - logistics, costs, benefits - all pragmatic variables that require attention. But on the other side are more subtle but no less important issues: questions of cultural equality and preservation within the EU community. It is not only about facilitating communication, but also about mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures while preserving each unique dialect.

Based on official EU policy, there are several potential priority areas that need to be explored and invested in. One such area is the support of multilingualism through the expansion of educational programmes and translation services in EU member states. This is not only about the major languages, but also about regional and minority languages - echoes of Europe's past that still resound in its present.

The Four Ceremonial Occasions in Korean Traditional Culture: Past and Present

2024-04-28T12:56:34+00:00

The rapid process of globalization creates many challenges to national and state interests. The main objective of this article is to analyze the preservation of the traditional life cycle rite in the daily life of Koreans, dating back to the Joseon dynasty, in the modern conditions of the rapidly developing and changing society of South Korea, to determine the attitude of modern Korean society, to study the laws adopted by the government regarding rituals. The author's hypothesis is that the Korean people are trying to combine new and traditional elements of the rituals of the «Four Ceremonial Occasions» without losing the deep cultural meaning, forms and value, but adding a modern interpretation that is understandable and attractive to younger generations. Relevance and novelty: the experience of the Korean people, rationally combining traditional culture and the process of globalization is consideredand for the first time the internal and external factors that led to the transformation of customs in South Korea were studied. Research methods: this work uses historical and anthropological analysis, general theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis and abstraction), analysis of sources. The result of the study: the Korean people not only preserved their national values, traditional culture and rituals, but also rationally synthesized the ancient core and the new shell, ultimately receiving a transformed cultural ritual. It was established that the conduct of traditional rituals is controlled by the state.

Analysis of dastan Kashagan Kurjimanuly «The Flood» with the Surahs of the Quran

2024-09-27T10:00:14+00:00

The study of the rich heritage of Kashagan Kurzhimanuly is one of the trends in Kazakhstani science of the 21st century. that in the works of the literary poet of the 19th century, the essence of the Kazakh nation, life, developed very much in the future in religion.

The purpose of the study is to study the function of religion, which determines the cognitive character of the poet. The subject of the study was the dastan “Flood”. The rational method of analyzing a person’s image is revealed through religion. The author described the good and bad qualities of people in society using the method of allegory. The poet reflected the changing interests of people in the epic “The Flood”, through the end of the world.

In this article, we scientifically compared the dastan “The Flood” by Kashagan Kurzhimanuly with the sura “Mursalat” of the Koran. Due to the fact that the scientific directions of the history of Kazakh literature were mainly formed and established in the Soviet period, the religious foundations of the literary heritage have always been evaluated negatively and controversially, which had a significant negative impact on the recognition of heritage on a purely scientific basis. The life of the Kazakh people in the 19th century from a political, administrative, economic, geographical point of view, religious policy in the 19th century, a spiritually forced situation that has not yet been recorded, provide a lot of data that will help clarify the directions of research of the current period and make large-scale modern stops . At present, the issue of Muslim education is scientifically substantiated to some extent, and the channels of continuity with world experience are becoming clear. On this basis, problems arise in understanding the thoughts of the poet Kashagan Kurzhimanuly about the history of Islam in the Kazakh region in the dastan "The Flood".

Linguistic expression of intangible cultural heritage in "Baburnama": subject, object, addressee

2024-09-19T15:14:41+00:00

The intangible cultural heritage of the Great Silk Way Road has the core role in historical area. It covers various spheres of life and is reflected in traditions, customs, languages, music, dances, crafts, ceremonies, legends and historical events. In the written heritage of "Baburnama", the author provides the centuries-old Turkic identity and cross-country features that arose from Central Asia, associated with the lands of Afghanistan, India, namely geographical, biological, medical, literary, historical, political, cultural and other relations. Babur's personal experiences and observations, his philosophical reflections and assessments of various cultural and socio-political phenomena are transmitted through "Baburnama". Thus, this work serves not only as a historical documents events, but also serves as an important source for understanding the cultural context of the era. The article depicts linguistic expression of intangible cultural heritage in "Baburnama". The primary focus was on the semantic syntactic components of the propositions in Babur's sentences such as, subject, object, and addressee. The actant was noted in the scripts of that era's intangible cultural heritage, based on the sentence's syntax structure. The text's substance and its feature of utilizing the many forms of intangible cultural heritage from the Babur era in contemporary Kazakh society are decided upon based on the study examples that were gathered.

Ideological-artistic features of the novel of Najib Makhfuz "Children of our street" ("اولاد حارتنا")

2024-10-09T14:43:37+00:00

During his creative life, N. Mahfuz wrote more than thirty novels, among which the highest is the historical novel "Children of Our Street" (حارتنا اولاد) Modern Arabic literature is distinguished by a variety and abundance of works of a historical nature. The historical novel did not appear suddenly in Arabic literature, it is closely related to popular "folk novels" in the Middle Ages. The work we analyze clearly shows elements of historical presentation, describes the traditions of the east, and also shows a connection with certain historical figures and events. The novel tells the story of the development of all mankind based on the fate of the five main characters. In the work, the study of history is carried out by artistic means that allow you to compare distant eras, reflecting on the general issues of the development of civilization and human nature.

The article talks about the work of the Nobel Prize winner, the emir of the Arab novel not only Egypt, but also the Arab Mia in general Najib Mahfuz and made a literary and theoretical analysis of his novel "Children of Our Street". And also analyze the style of the novel, the means of expressiveness and its plot, composition, theme and idea.

Lexical features of nominal words on the monument of writing «Munyetul-Gyuzat»

2024-09-19T15:00:14+00:00

Традиции сравнительного изучения тюркских языков, создания словарей, обучения кыпчакскому языку для представителей других национальностей составляют одну эпоху на земле мамлюков. Памятники, относящиеся к этой эпохе, имеют различное назначение и содержание. В статье анализируется лексическая специфика именных слов на памятнике «Мунйетуль-Гюзат», относящихся к периоду мамлюкских кипчаков. Соматизмы и названия видов и цветов в тексте сравниваются с современными казахскими и тюркскими языками. Мамлюкские кыпчаки составляют значительную часть памятников капшакской письменности в целом. В период мамлюкских кипчаков были написаны словари, произведения, грамматические произведения для изучения языка. Это наследие напрямую связано с кыпчакским языком. Имеет значение при изучении истории становления Казахского языка как устной речи кипчаков в Средние века, так и литературных вариантов языка. "Мунйетуль-Гюзат" - произведение, посвященное военному искусству. Этот памятник еще не полностью изучен в лингвистике. Что касается истории казахского языка, то изучение лексики этого текста важно для лингвистики.

Soft power and foreign policy of the Russian Federation: some aspects of the present

2023-11-03T09:50:48+00:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development and transformations of the Russian Federation foreign policy. Since the beginning of hostilities in Ukraine, the policy of Russia is undoubtedly one of the most researching areas in modern political science these days due to many practical aspects. It objectively dynamically develops and transforms in accordance with the promising new role of this state on the world stage. The purpose of the article is to determine the involvement of Soft power elements in their modernization and transformation in the further implementation of Russian foreign policy in the world space in the short and medium term. As a result, the article attempts to determine the main conceptual changes in Russian foreign policy and certain forecasts about the directions of possible upgrades and improvements in the translation and promotion of Soft power by the Russian side in the foreign policy space. In the course of the analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that the main participants in the political confrontation on the world stage in the near future will actively develop and improve the Soft power technology in their foreign policy. Objectively, they will also receive a new impetus to the development of methods and technologies for counteraction, strengthening their constant application in practice. Thus, the leading countries, including Russia, are drawn into a kind of "arms race" in the format of the unarmed advancement of their foreign policy interests.

Offtake as a means of implementing economic diplomacy in modern society

2024-09-28T10:59:30+00:00

In the modern world, economic diplomacy is becoming an increasingly important tool in the foreign policy of states. One of the methods of its implementation is offtake, that is, an agreement to purchase a certain volume of goods or services under pre-agreed conditions. This is a tool of economic diplomacy that can be successfully implemented in modern society to achieve development goals and strengthen economic relations.

One of the main advantages of an off-take is the reduction of risks for both parties. This allows the manufacturer to find out the exact demand for their products and ensure stable production volumes, and the consumer – long-term supplies at a low price. This also helps to establish trust between the parties, which is of great importance for expanding economic ties.

Offtake is also an effective tool for attracting investment. By guaranteeing the purchase of a product or service, companies can attract financial resources to expand production and improve the quality of their products. This, in turn, contributes to economic growth and development of the country as a whole.

In modern society, off-take stands out as one of the effective means of developing economic diplomacy. This is especially true for developing countries that are seeking to diversify their economies and attract foreign investment. Offtake can be a powerful incentive for investors because it provides stability and predictability in the need for a product or service. This article explores the role of off-take in the context of economic diplomacy, as well as its impact on international relations and economic cooperation. The article examines examples of off-take agreements in various sectors such as energy, agriculture, trade and investment, and also analyzes their contribution to the development of economic relations between countries and corporations.

Socio-political priorities for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage in Kazakhstan

2024-09-05T05:35:32+00:00

Currently, in strategically important state documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan, alongside a profound recognition of cultural heritage as a value, new demands are emerging for the comprehensive celebration of history and culture and for the scientific justification of its potential as a resource for peace, stability, and socio-economic development. These new demands highlight the need for comprehensive research on the re-evaluation of the genesis of values and their significance in intercultural and interspatial dialogue among communities and nations for domestic social and humanities sciences.

This article aims to analyze the foundations of socio-political priorities in preserving historical and cultural heritage in the country at the intersection of interdisciplinary sciences. The relevance of the article lies in its examination of the key directions for the socio-political institutionalization of the Kazakh people’s historical and cultural heritage, analyzing the factors and conditions for integrating the spiritual potential of historical and cultural values into the state-political development of contemporary Kazakhstan. The article enables the assessment of the level and effectiveness of the institutional foundations for preserving historical and cultural heritage, including their differentiation in regional and sectoral contexts. The practical significance of the conclusions and recommendations presented in the article is to establish priorities for transitioning to a new model of socio-cultural policy in the new Kazakhstan.

Cybersecurity issues in addressing the global challenges of the un in the fight against terrorism

2024-09-28T15:03:04+00:00

Today, cybersecurity threats are one of the main problems faced by all countries. Cyberspace plays an important role in our modern life, uniting people and communities around the world, providing them with the opportunity for socialization and self-organization.

This article highlights the main types of cyberattacks and threats, as well as suggests methods to prevent them. Various types of cybercrimes are considered, as well as the necessary actions to combat cyberterrorism.

Cybercriminals actively use various methods and techniques to carry out cyber attacks, including unauthorized access to systems, theft of personal information, financial fraud and the distribution of malicious software.

Cyberterrorism is also a danger, since cyber attacks can be used to create chaos and disrupt the functioning of critical infrastructures, such as government institutions, healthcare systems, energy, and so on.

To ensure cybersecurity, cooperation is necessary both at the state and at the international level.

Cooperation at the state level includes joint initiatives to exchange information about threats, joint trainings and exercises to improve the skills of cybersecurity specialists, as well as the development of common standards and policies in the field of cybersecurity.

At the international level, it is important to establish a dialogue between various countries and international organizations, such as the UN, the European Union, NATO and others. This will allow us to coordinate strategies, coordinate measures to prevent and respond to cyber attacks.

Comparative analysis of elections in the system of local self-government (on the example of Kazakhstan and Turkey)

2024-09-17T06:34:44+00:00

Еlections in the system of Local Self-Government are a decisive factor, significantly contributing to the democratic process and effective local management. It can be seen that the ways of organizing local elections in Kazakhstan and Turkey, which differ in history, politics and culture, are also different. The purpose of the study of this article is to determine the most effective method of electoral differences and similarities in the system of Local Self-Government of Kazakhstan and Turkey by conducting a comparative analysis, to analyze the impact of these processes on the development of civil society and democracy.

The reforms of the local self-government system in Kazakhstan are aimed at spreading the centralization of power and increasing the level of participation of the population in the local political process. An important step in democratic changes in the country is the election of mayors of rural districts by choice of the population over the years, or the use of direct electoral practice.

Since the 60s of the XX century, the local electoral system of Turkey has been stable. It is the main developing factor of local government using majority and proportional representation systems.

The article presents various aspects of electoral systems, the role of political parties, the level of citizen participation, as well as a comparative analysis to identify problems and difficulties.

The role of special economic zones in the state policy of the border regions of Kazakhstan: an example of the Qyzyljar FEZ

2024-09-19T14:44:48+00:00

The article explores the role of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the state policy of Kazakhstan's border regions. It analyzes the impact of SEZs on economic activity, investment attraction, and job creation in these areas. Key aspects of SEZ operation are discussed, including integration into international economic processes, infrastructure improvement, and the development of foreign economic relations. The study employs methods such as the analysis of regulatory frameworks, economic-statistical analysis, comparative analysis. The results indicate that SEZs play a significant role in stimulating economic growth and integrating Kazakhstan into the global economy. However, there are issues that require further enhancement of state policy and management of these zones.

Ziya Gökalp and folklore studies in Turkey

2024-09-28T14:09:34+00:00

The following research is devoted to the study of the similarity between Gökalp and the romantics, as well as to the question of whether or not he left some influence on Turkish folklore studies, which continue to be based on the application of various European and American folklore theories and lack a clearly defined character. The aim of the research is to examine Ziya Gökalp’s views about folklore by looking at his works, as well as what has been written about him, and thus try to determine how the relation between folklore and nationalism, which was brought into force by European thinkers of the romantic period found its reflection in the views of Ziya Gökalp. The author attempted to determine how and to what end Gökalp evaluated this relation, and, in general, how subsequent folklore studies in Turkey were affected by his works. As a result of the failure of the attempted reforms, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the new ideas emerged in the empire such as Westernism, Ottomanism, Islamism and Pan-Turkism. Each of these ideas claimed that the empire could be saved and developed if their respective ideas were accepted. However, none of them managed to halt the nationalist movements that emerged first in Europe and then in the European lands of the Ottoman Empire after the French Revolution. In a short period of time the nationalist feelings among the ethnic groups in the Balkans increased considerably and played a major role in, first, diminishing the territory of the empire, and later in its collapse. Ziya Gökalp had written a number of essays and books where he had espoused nationalist views before the Republic of Turkey was founded, and he put folklore at the center of this nationalist ideas. As a scholar, researcher, ideologist, writer and poet, he in started the work in the field of folklore, also contributed to it with his works. Folklore studies longer history than the history of contemporary Turkey. Folklore studies in Turkey continue in present time under the influence, in various degrees, from the folklore studies conducted throughout the world. Most of the folklore studies in Turkey concentrate on folk literature, traditions and lately in folklore theories and UNESCO Conventions.

The influence of Manichaean and Nestorian religions in the settled life of the ancient Turks

2024-09-10T11:41:44+00:00

The Turkic peoples of Central Asia have long resided at the nexus of Eastern and Western cultures, fusing urban and steppe civilizations with dexterity. Their spiritual life was also strongly influenced by Indian and Persian culture. Indian and Persian cultures first spread to settlements in the Maurennahr and Tarim Basin, and then to small towns and settlements in the foothills of the Semirechye and Erenkabyrga (Tien Shan) mountains. Therefore, Central Asia has become a zone of interweaving of all cultures of the world, including all religions. Different religions spread not only to settled regions, but also to steppes, which led a nomadic lifestyle. In the regions where nomadic Turks lived, small settlements and places of worship were built. Back then, nomads showed respect to anyone who held a religious role. At the same time, for a long time in Central Asia and East Turkestan and neighbouring regions, various cultures and spiritual values of mankind competed closely. This suggests that Central Asia, East Turkestan, and Central Mongolia have evolved geographically as essential components of human civilization since the first century AD. The article discusses how the Manichaean and Nestorian religions, which were prevalent in this area prior to Islam, were viewed by the Turkic people living there and how they fit in with the natural surroundings, social structure, governmental power, etc. The “Yangzhou” and “Monument of the Nine Uighur Khagans” are examples of the widespread adoption of Manichaean and Nestorian religions among the Turks. A linguistic and source examination of these monuments was done.

Synthetic possessive identification “I” and “Not-I” in ancient Turkic affixes of belonging

2024-01-16T05:37:27+00:00

This article examines the linguistic and historical-philosophical justification of the possessive thinking of the ancient Turks and the category of possessiveness in Turkic languages, formed by a synthetic morphological method, i.e., using possessive affixes. These affixes are genetically identical with the common Turkic means of derivation, distinguishing them from other languages, first of all, by the fact that they have "inalienable" properties of belonging, inherent only to the Turkic worldview of the most ancient times. Such an understanding of this category represents the relevance of the undertaken research. Therefore, the purpose of our article is to reveal the features of the possessive thinking of the ancient Turks, reflected in the possessive affixes and how both the person and the number of the subject of "inalienable" possession are expressed. This feature of the possessive affixes is a special feature of this category; it expresses not only the meaning of possessiveness, but also possessiveness in the broad sense of the word, formed as a result of the possessive identification of “I” and “Not-I” in the thinking of a Turkic person. The article analyzes a specific feature of the worldview of the nomads of the Great Steppe, associated with the means of expressing possessiveness, which appeared due to grammatical reflection, and preserved in all modern Turkic languages. It is determined that synthetism turned out to be the most appropriate means of expressing the meaning of possessiveness. We reveal the nature of the origin of the possessive affixes in the ancient Turkic language on the empirical material of the runic writing of the monuments of the Mountain and Southern Altai, as well as in the Orkhon-Yenisei monuments and in other single texts of the ancient Turks.

The Beginning of Writing Culture among Steppe Nomads

2024-09-28T14:33:05+00:00

In our study, we focus on periods leading up to the ancient Turkic Bitig script of the steppe nomads, analyzing the prerequisites and possibilities of writing culture. There are many petroglyphs and symbols that belong to early pictographic writing in the regions inhabited by steppe nomads. We have worked with these petroglyphs and symbols during several expeditions, including Shiveet Khairkhan, Arshan Khad, Hoyt-Tsenher, Baga-Uygur in Mongolia, Bichikt-Bom, Karakol in the Altai Mountains of Russia, Bizhik-Khaya, Bii-Khem in Tuva region, Karasuk inscriptions in the Khakassia, and AkBauyr, Zhetysu, Tangbaly, Terekti petroglyphs in Kazakhstan. Regarding the Greek data related to the period of object-based writing pertaining to the Saks, representatives of the steppe nomads, are presented. Focusing on the concepts formed from the writing history passed down through generation, this article considers its utilization among nomadic communities. It is clear that the tradition of counting the years and remembering well-known events, such as, “The Famine of the Year of the rabbit”, “The massacre of the Year of the Monkey” in nomadic culture, also the object-based writing and pictographic writing created the prerequisites of ancient Turkic script. This cultural-cognitive continuity is probably one of the main reasons why many petroglyphs and symbols are similar to the ancient Turkic script. Through this article, we have confirmed that all samples of historical writing periods are found in regions inhabited by steppe nomads. We aim to convey, their significant role in the formation of the ancient Turkic script and also their place in the world writing culture.

Types and functions of phraseology in the Kazakh and Turkish languages (based on the work of B. Sokpakbayev "Journey to childhood")

2024-09-28T17:34:59+00:00

This article is based on the work of Berdibek Sokpakbayev, one of the prominent writers of Kazakh literature, entitled “Balalyk shakka sayahat”. In this work, the meanings of the Kazakh-Turkish phraseological units defined in the book were studied, and the Turkish equivalents of these regular expressions were to be given.

First of all, in order to perform translation in the correct way, translator’s ability to offer the connection between sentence elements, commutative/ idiomatic expressions in words and words groups is important. When translating idioms, it is important that translator does not lose the meaning of phrase in the source language. Therefore, another purpose of the research will be identify translation problem encountered between dialect and idiom and show solutions. When the Kazakh Turkish and Turkish idioms are compared, it is also noteworthy that common idioms between the two dialects, different meaningful idioms are established with formally similar looking. This indicates the existence of “trap words” as well as “trap idioms”, which are accepted from false equivalents in inter-dialect translations.

Structural features of Kazakh and Turkish proverbs

2024-09-19T15:28:48+00:00

The article draws attention to the role and scope of proverbs and sayings in Kazakh and Turkish languages, proverbs and sayings in two languages are analyzed for their correspondence to the meaning on the basis of actual linguistic data. The most frequently used Kazakh proverbs were selected and their equivalents in Turkish language were found and presented. They were compared according to their translation methods. Turkish and Kazakh languages are originated from the same language family: Turkic. It is also important to note that Kazakh and Turkish culture are quite similar and proverbs can be also alike. The article outlines the history of the study of Kazakh and Turkish proverbs and sayings, defines their function in representing folk culture and traditions, customs in proverbs and sayings. We have considered the proverbs of the Kazakh and Turkish languages and ways of their application. The peculiarities and differences in the cultures of the two peoples are discussed, and the factors influencing their semantics and structure are presented. We have distinguished that most Kazakh and Turkish proverbs retain their original, basic meaning. The main purpose of the study is to analyse Kazakh and Turkish proverbs, identify their similarities, specifics and identify the national and cultural characteristics of both languages. The scientific significance of the article lies in the fact that it makes a certain contribution to the comparative study of the proverbs of the Turkic peoples. Practical significance of the study: the results of the work can be used in the research work of students in the humanities.

The role of the Turkic games of the Karakhanid period in the culture of the Turkic peoples

2024-10-03T14:56:02+00:00

The game is an important part of the culture, spiritual and practical activities of the Turkic peoples. The article is devoted to the analysis of Turkic games of the Karakhanid period. Based on historical and cultural materials and the text of the monument, the author of the article explores equestrian and children's games that were popular in the medieval era and have continuity with the modern games of the Turkic peoples. The significance of the article is shown in the fact that for the author through various language units identifies the main structural components of equestrian and children's games, carries out language and historical and cultural analysis of games captured in the monument. These games include Shogen (Polo), zhambi atu (archery), horse racing, games in asychki, games in nuts, hide and seek, games with animal horns. The last children's game is a cultural definition of the monument, as it is characteristic only for that time.